Intellectual Technologies on Transport

Интеллектуальные технологии на транспорте

2413-2527

94973

10.20295/2413-2527-2025-141-27-36

pgsmcj

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ И СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ И СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ

Comparative Analysis of Precise Positioning Methods for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Сравнительный анализ методов точного позиционирования беспилотных летательных аппаратов

Липанов

Илья Дмитриевич

Lipanov

Ilya Dmitrievich

illipanov@mail.ru

Хомоненко

Анатолий Дмитриевич

Khomonenko

Anatoly Dmitrievich

khomon@mail.ru

доктор технических наук;

doctor of technical sciences;

Молодкин

Игорь Андреевич

Molodkin

Igor Andreevich

molodkin@pgups.ru

Петербургский государственный университет путей сообщения Императора Александра I Санкт-Петербург Россия Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University St. Petersburg Russian Federation

Военно-космическая академия имени А. Ф. Можайского Санкт-Петербург Россия Mozhaisky Military Aerospace Academy Saint Petersburg Russian Federation

24 03 2025

1 27 36 12 02 2025 19 02 2025

https://pgups.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/94973/view

С развитием беспилотных летательных аппаратов (БПЛА) обеспечение точного позиционирования становится одной из ключевых задач, особенно при ограниченной или отсутствующей доступности спутниковых сигналов. Цель: осуществить сравнительный анализ методов позиционирования RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) кинематики реального времени и PPP (Precise Point Positioning) точного позиционирования для оценки их эффективности в различных условиях эксплуатации БПЛА. Результаты: исследование выявило, что RTK характеризуется высокой точностью в реальном времени при наличии базовой станции. Это делает его подходящим для задач, требующих оперативной аналитики, например в агломерациях. PPP, напротив, обеспечивает автономное позиционирование и подходит для удаленных областей, но требует времени на инициализацию для достижения высокой точности. Сравнение показало, что оба метода обладают уникальными преимуществами и ограничениями, определяющими их применимость в различных сценариях использования. Практическая значимость: результаты исследования могут быть использованы для оптимизации выбора и применения систем позиционирования в различных отраслях, таких как картография, логистика и мониторинг окружающей среды, повышая эффективность и надежность операций с использованием БПЛА. Обсуждение: рекомендована дальнейшая модернизация данных методов для повышения их эффективности и расширения областей применения, включая интеграцию с современными системами управления БПЛА.

With the advancement of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), ensuring an object’s precise positioning has become one of the key challenges especially in environments with limited or no satellite signals. Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis of Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) methods to evaluate their effectiveness under various UAV operational conditions. Results: the study revealed that RTK provides high real-time accuracy when a base station is available making it suitable for tasks requiring rapid analytics, such as in urban agglomerations. In contrast, PPP enables autonomous positioning and is better suited for remote areas, though it requires an initialization period to achieve high accuracy. The comparison showed that both methods have unique advantages and limitations that define their applicability in different usage scenarios. Practical significance: the study’s findings can be used to optimize the selection and implementation of positioning systems in various industries, such as cartography, logistics, and environmental monitoring enhancing the efficiency and reliability of UAV operations. Discussion: further refinement of these methods is recommended to improve their effectiveness and expand their applications including integration with modern UAV control systems.

маршрутизация БПЛА ГНСС DGPS RTK PPP корректирующие сигналы точное позиционирование

UAV routing GNSS DGPS RTK PPP correction signals precise positioning

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