<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Intellectual Technologies on Transport</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Intellectual Technologies on Transport</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Интеллектуальные технологии на транспорте</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="online">2413-2527</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">96461</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.20295/2413-2527-2025-242-29-41</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">krgazp</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ И ТРАНСПОРТНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND TRANSPORT SYSTEMS</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ И ТРАНСПОРТНЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Neural Network Classification of Printed Circuit Board Defects</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Нейросетевая классификация дефектов печатных плат</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Романов</surname>
       <given-names>Кирилл Ильич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Romanov</surname>
       <given-names>Kirill Il'ich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>kiromanov@ieeras.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Бабаев</surname>
       <given-names>Азизбек Адахамжанович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Babaev</surname>
       <given-names>Azizbek Adahamzhanovich</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>azizkagif@yandex.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Антонычева</surname>
       <given-names>Ольга Леонидовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Antonycheva</surname>
       <given-names>Olga Leonidovna</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>antolga07@mail.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский технический университет связи и информатики</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский технический университет связи и информатики</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Technical University of Communications and Informatics</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Московский технический университет связи и информатики</institution>
     <city>Москва</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">Московский технический университет связи и информатики</institution>
     <city>Moscow</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-26T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>26</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-26T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>26</day>
    <month>06</month>
    <year>2025</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>2</issue>
   <fpage>29</fpage>
   <lpage>41</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-03-26T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>26</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-15T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>15</day>
     <month>05</month>
     <year>2025</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://pgups.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/96461/view">https://pgups.editorum.ru/en/nauka/article/96461/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Рассматривается разработка модели на основе нейросети YOLOv8x для автоматизированного выявления дефектов на печатных платах. Цель: обучение нейросети, способной эффективно обнаруживать и классифицировать различные виды дефектов на печатных платах. Методы: использовался метод глубокого обучения, основанный на архитектуре YOLOv8x, предназначенной для задач детектирования объектов. Для оценки эффективности модели проводился анализ метрик точности и потерь. Результаты: показывают, что обученная модель демонстрирует высокую точность в классификации дефектов, таких как незапаянное посадочное место (missing_hole), короткое замыкание (short) и ложная печатная дорожка (spurious_copper), достигая точности 1,0. Классы «разомкнутая печатная дорожка» (open_circuit) и «выступ меди» (spur) также показывают удовлетворительные результаты, однако класс «нарушение целостности печатной дорожки» (mouse_bite) требует дальнейшего улучшения. Практическая значимость: заключается в возможности применения разработанной модели для автоматизации процессов контроля качества печатных плат, что может значительно повысить надежность электронных изделий и снизить вероятность отказов в критически важных системах.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>This study focuses on the development of a model based on the YOLOv8x neural network for the automated detection of defects in printed circuit boards (PCBs). Purpose: to train a neural network capable of effectively detecting and classifying various types of PCB defects. Methods: a deep learning method based on the YOLOv8x architecture, designed for object detection tasks. An accuracy and loss metrics analysis was conducted to assess the model’s effectiveness. Results: the trained model demonstrates high accuracy in classifying defects such as missing holes, shorts, and spurious copper, achieving an accuracy of 1.0. The “open circuits” and “copper spurs” classes also yield satisfactory results. However, the “mouse bites” class requires further improvement. Practical significance: the potential application of the developed model for automating quality control processes in PCBs could significantly enhance the reliability of electronic devices and reduce the potential failures in critical systems.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>печатная плата</kwd>
    <kwd>дефекты</kwd>
    <kwd>нейросетевая классификация</kwd>
    <kwd>нейросетевая модель YOLOv8x</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>printed circuit board</kwd>
    <kwd>defects</kwd>
    <kwd>neural network classification</kwd>
    <kwd>YOLOv8x neural network model</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилова Е. А. Классификация дефектов печатных плат // Труды Международного симпозиума «Надежность и качество» (Пенза, Россия, 27 мая — 03 июня 2013 г.): в 2 т. Пенза: Пензенский гос. ун-т, 2013. Т. 1. С. 325–328.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilova E. A. Klassifikatsiya defektov pechatnykh plat [Classification of printed circuit board defects], Trudy Mezhdunarodnogo simpoziuma “Nadezhnost i kachestvo” [Proceedings of the International Symposium “Reliability and Quality”], Penza, Russia, May 27 — June 03, 2013. Vol. 1. Penza, Penza State University, 2013, Pp. 325–328. (In Russian)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Данилова Е. А., Кочегаров И. И., Трусов В. А. Модели технологических дефектов проводящего рисунка печатных плат // Надежность и качество сложных систем. 2017. № 2 (18). С. 68–76. DOI: 10.21685/2307-4205-2017-2-10.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilova E. A., Kochegarov I. I., Trusov V. A. Modeli tekhnologicheskikh defektov provodyashchego risunka pechatnykh plat [Models of Technological Defects of Conductive Patterns of Printed Circuit Boards], Nadezhnost i kachestvo slozhnykh sistem [Reliability and Quality of Complex Systems], 2017, No. 2 (18), Pp. 68–76. DOI: 10.21685/2307-4205-2017-2-10. (In Russian)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Складнова М. С. Методы контроля печатных плат // Colloquium-journal. 2019. № 25-2 (49). С. 95–97. DOI: 10.24411/2520-6990-2019-10882.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skladnova M. S. Metody kontrolya pechatnykh plat [PCB Control Methods], Colloquium-journal, 2019, No. 25-2 (49), Pp. 95–97. DOI: 10.24411/2520-6990-2019-10882. (In Russian)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ксенофонтов В. В. Нейронные сети // Проблемы науки. 2020. № 11 (59). С. 28–29.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ksenofontov V. V. Neyronnye seti [Neural networks], Problemy nauki, 2020, No. 11 (59), Pp. 28–29. (In Russian)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smith R. G., Eckroth J. Building AI Applications: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow // AI Magazine. 2017. Vol. 38, No. 1. Pp. 6–22. DOI: 10.1609/aimag.v38i1.2709.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smith R. G., Eckroth J. Building AI Applications: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow, AI Magazine, 2017, Vol. 38, No. 1, Pp. 6–22. DOI: 10.1609/aimag.v38i1.2709.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yağcı B. E., Demirsoy G., Akpolat A. N. General Overview of Artificial Neural Network Applications in Renewable Energy Systems // Turkish Journal of Electromechanics and Energy. 2024. Vol. 9, No. 3. Pp. 95–107.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yağcı B. E., Demirsoy G., Akpolat A. N. General Overview of Artificial Neural Network Applications in Renewable Energy Systems, Turkish Journal of Electromechanics and Energy, 2024, Vol. 9, No. 3, Pp. 95–107.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алексеева Н. С. Распознавание лиц по фотографии с помощью нейронных сетей // Международный студенческий научный вестник. 2021. № 1. 5 с. URL: http://eduherald.ru/ru/article/view?id=20406 (дата обращения: 17.01.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseeva N. S. Raspoznavanie lits po fotografii s pomoshchyu neyronnykh setey [Face Recognition from a Photo Using Neural Networks], Mezhdunarodnyy studencheskiy nauchnyy vestnik, 2021, No. 1, 5 p. Available at: http://eduherald.ru/ru/article/view?id=20406 (accessed: January 17, 2025). (In Russian)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шарипова Д. Д. Нейронная сеть ImageAI: распознавание объектов // Информационные технологии. Проблемы и решения. 2020. № 2 (11). С. 140–144.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharipova D. D. Neyronnaya set ImageAI: raspoznavanie obektov [ImageAI Neural Network: Object Recognition], Informatsionnye tekhnologii. Problemy i resheniya [Information Technology], 2020, No. 2 (11), Pp. 140–144. (In Russian)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бондаренко В. И., Нестругина Е. С. Система распознавания лиц преступников с помощью камер видеонаблюдения // Донецкие чтения 2022: образование, наука, инновации, культура и вызовы современности: материалы VII Международной научной конференции, посвящённой 85-летию Донецкого национального университета (Донецк, 27–28 октября 2022 г.). T. 2. Физические, технические и компьютерные науки / под общ. ред. С. В. Беспаловой. Донецк: Донецкий нац. ун-т, 2022. С. 236–237.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bondarenko V. I., Nestrugina E. S. Sistema raspoznavaniya lits prestupnikov s pomoshchyu kamer videonablyudeniya [Facial recognition system for criminals using CCTV cameras], Donetskie chteniya 2022: obrazovanie, nauka, innovatsii, kultura i vyzovy sovremennosti: materialy VII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii [Donetsk Readings 2022: Education, Science, Innovation, Culture and Challenges of Our Time: Proceedings of the VII International Scientific Conference], Donetsk, October 27–28, 2022. Vol. 2. Donetsk: Donetsk National University, 2022, Pp. 236–237. (In Russian)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боликов С. С. Машинное зрение и нейронные сети / С. С. Боликов; науч. рук. Е. И. Шишков // Конкурентоспособность территорий: материалы XX Всероссийского экономического форума молодых ученых и студентов (Екатеринбург, Россия, 27–28 апреля 2017 г.): в 8 ч. Ч. 8. Екатеринбург: Уральский гос. экон. ун-т, 2017. С. 21–22.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bolikov S. S. Mashinnoe zrenie i neyronnye seti [Machine vision and neural networks], Konkurentosposobnost territoriy: materialy XX Vserossiyskogo ekonomicheskogo foruma molodykh uchenykh i studentov [Competitiveness of territories: Proceedings of the XX All-Russian Economic Forum of Young Scientists and Students], Yekaterinburg, Russia, April 27–28, 2017. Part 8. Yekaterinburg, Ural State University of Economics, 2017, Pp. 21–22. (In Russian)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications for COVID-19 Pandemic / R. Vaishya, M. Javaid, I. H. Khan, A. Haleem // Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews. 2020. Vol. 14, Iss. 4. Pp. 337–339. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.012.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vaishya R., Javaid M., Khan I. H., Haleem A. Artificial Intelligence (AI) Applications for COVID-19 Pandemic, Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research and Reviews, 2020, Vol. 14, Iss. 4, Pp. 337–339. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.04.012.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Language Translation: A Review / Y. A. Mohamed, A. Khanan, M. Bashir [et al.] // IEEE Access. 2024. Vol. 12. Pp. 25553–25579. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3366802.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mohamed Y. A., Khanan A., Bashir M., et al. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Language Translation: A Review, IEEE Access, 2024, Vol. 12, Pp. 25553-25579. DOI: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3366802.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Муратова У. Д. Изучение нейронных сетей для чат-ботов / У. Д. Муратова; науч. рук. П. В. Балакшин // Сборник трудов IX Конгресса молодых ученых (Санкт-Петербург, Россия, 15–18 апреля 2020 г.). Т. 1. СПб.: Университет ИТМО, 2021. С. 92–95.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Muratova U. D. Izuchenie neyronnykh setey dlya chat-botov [Study of Neural Networks for Chatbots], Sbornik trudov IX Kongressa molodykh uchenykh [Proceedings of the IX Congress of Young Scientists]. Saint Petersburg, Russia, April 15–18, 2020. Vol. 1. Saint Petersburg, ITMO University, 2021, Pp. 92–95. (In Russian)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Алгоритм оптимизации извлечения ключевых слов на основе применения лингвистического парсера / Д. Ю. Кравченко, Ю. А. Кравченко, А. Мансур [и др.] // Информатика и автоматизация. 2024. Т. 23, № 2. С. 467–494. DOI: 10.15622/ia.23.2.6.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kravchenko D. Yu., Kravchenko Yu. A., Mansur A., et al. Algoritm optimizatsii izvlecheniya klyuchevykh slov na osnove primeneniya lingvisticheskogo parsera [Algorithm for Optimization of Keyword Extraction Based on the Application of a Linguistic Parser], Informatika i avtomatizatsiya [Informatics and Automation], 2024, Vol. 23, No. 2, Pp. 467–494. DOI: 10.15622/ia.23.2.6. (In Russian)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Artificial Intelligence Applications in Finance: A Survey / X. Li, A. Sigov, L. Ratkin [et al.] // Journal of Management Analytics. 2023. Vol. 10, Iss. 4. Pp. 676–692. DOI: 10.1080/23270012.2023.2244503.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li X., Sigov A., Ratkin L., et al. Artificial Intelligence Applications in Finance: A Survey, Journal of Management Analytics, 2023, Vol. 10, Iss. 4, Pp. 676–692. DOI: 10.1080/23270012.2023.2244503.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Joshi N., Dave T. Improved Accuracy for Heart Disease Diagnosis Using Machine Learning Techniques // Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering. 2025. Vol. 4, No. 1. Pp. 42–52. DOI: 10.33093/jiwe.2025.4.1.4.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Joshi N., Dave T. Improved Accuracy for Heart Disease Diagnosis Using Machine Learning Techniques, Journal of Informatics and Web Engineering, 2025, Vol. 4, No. 1, Pp. 42–52. DOI: 10.33093/jiwe.2025.4.1.4.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Datilo P. M., Ismail Z., Dare J. A Review of Epidemic Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Networks // Epidemiology and Health System Journal. 2019. Vol. 6, Iss. 3. Pp. 132–143. DOI: 10.15171/ijer.2019.24.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Datilo P. M., Ismail Z., Dare J. A Review of Epidemic Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Networks, Epidemiology and Health System Journal, 2019, Vol. 6, Iss. 3, Pp. 132–143. DOI: 10.15171/ijer.2019.24.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atan O., Jordon J., van der Schaar M. Deep-Treat: Learning Optimal Personalized Treatments from Observational Data Using Neural Networks // Proceedings of the Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (New Orleans, LA, USA, 02–07 February 2018). Palo Alto (CA): AAAI Press, 2018. Pp. 2071–2078. DOI: 10.1609/aaai.v32i1.11841.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atan O., Jordon J., van der Schaar M. Deep-Treat: Learning Optimal Personalized Treatments from Observational Data Using Neural Networks, Proceedings of the Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, New Orleans, LA, USA, February 02–07, 2018. Palo Alto (CA), AAAI Press, 2018, Pp. 2071–2078. DOI: 10.1609/aaai.v32i1.11841.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Deep Neural Network Provides Personalized Treatment Recommendations for de novo Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients / C. Li, Y. Wang, H. Bai [et al.] // Journal of Cancer. 2024. Vol. 15, Iss. 20. Pp. 6668–6685. DOI: 10.7150/jca.101293.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Li C., Wang Y., Bai H., et al. Deep Neural Network Provides Personalized Treatment Recommendations for de novo Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients, Journal of Cancer, 2024, Vol. 15, Iss. 20, Pp. 6668–6685. DOI: 10.7150/jca.101293.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Review of Application YOLOv8 in Medical Imaging / A. Widayani, A. M. Putra, A. R. Maghriebi [et al.] // Indonesian Applied Physics Letters. 2024. Vol. 5, No. 1. Pp. 23–33. DOI: 10.20473/iapl.v5i1.57001.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Widayani A., Putra A. M., Maghriebi A. R., et al. Review of Application YOLOv8 in Medical Imaging, Indonesian Applied Physics Letters, 2024, Vol. 5, No. 1, Pp. 23–33. DOI: 10.20473/iapl.v5i1.57001.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mumali F. Artificial Neural Network-Based Decision Support Systems in Manufacturing Processes: A Systematic Literature Review // Computers and Industrial Engineering. 2022. Vol. 165. Art. No. 107964. 20 p. DOI: 10.1016/j. cie.2022.107964.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mumali F. Artificial Neural Network-Based Decision Support Systems in Manufacturing Processes: A Systematic Literature Review, Computers and Industrial Engineering, 2022, Vol. 165, Art. No. 107964, 20 p. DOI: 10.1016/j. cie.2022.107964.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robotic Process Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0 — A Literature Review / J. Ribeiro, R. Lima, T. Eckhardt, S. Paiva // Procedia Computer Science. 2021. Vol. 181. Pp. 51–58. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.104.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ribeiro J., Lima R., Eckhardt T., Paiva S. Robotic Process Automation and Artificial Intelligence in Industry 4.0 — A Literature Review, Procedia Computer Science, 2021, Vol. 181, Pp. 51–58. DOI: 10.1016/j.procs.2021.01.104.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Еделев Д. А., Благовещенская М. М., Благовещенский И. Г. Использование нейронных сетей как фактора повышения качества и безопасности производства пищевых продуктов при решении задач автоматизации // Автоматизация технологических и бизнес-процессов. 2015. Т. 7, № 1 (21). С. 7–10. DOI: 10.15673/2312-3125.21/2015.42856.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Edelev D. A., Blagoveshchenskaya M. M., Blagoveshchenskiy I. G. Ispolzovanie neyronnykh setey kak faktora povysheniya kachestva i bezopasnosti proizvodstva pishchevykh produktov pri reshenii zadach avtomatizatsii [Using neural networks as a factor in improving the quality and safety of food production in solving automation problems], Avtomatizatsiya tekhnologicheskikh i biznes-protsessov [Automation of Technological and Business Processes], 2015, Vol. 7, No. 1 (21), Pp. 7–10. DOI: 10.15673/2312-3125.21/2015.42856. (In Russian)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Akhatova A. PCB Defects // Kaggle. URL: http://www.kaggle.com/datasets/akhatova/pcb-defects (дата обращения: 17.01.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akhatova A. PCB Defects, Kaggle. Available at: http://www.kaggle.com/datasets/akhatova/pcb-defects (accessed: January 17, 2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Черемисинова О. Н., Ростовцев В. С. Повышение качества распознавания изображений подбором параметров сверточной нейронной сети // Интеграция науки в современном мире: сборник научных работ 52-й Международной научной конференции Евразийского Научного Объединения (Москва, Россия, июнь 2019 г.). М.: Евразийское Научное Объединение, 2019. С. 114–118.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cheremisinova O. N., Rostovtsev V. S. Povyshenie kachestva raspoznavaniya izobrazheniy podborom parametrov svertochnoy neyronnoy seti [Improving the quality of image recognition by selecting convolutional neural network parameters], Integratsiya nauki v sovremennom mire: sbornik nauchnykh rabot 52-y Mezhdunarodnoy nauchnoy konferentsii Evraziyskogo Nauchnogo Obedineniya [Integration of Science in the Modern World: Scientific Articles Collection of the 52nd International Scientific Conference of Eurasian Scientific Association], Moscow, Russia, June 2019. Moscow, Eurasian Scientific Association, 2019, Pp. 114–118. (In Russian)</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B26">
    <label>26.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Statistical Analysis of Design Aspects of Various YOLO-Based Deep Learning Models for Object Detection / U. Sirisha, S. P. Praveen, P. N. Srinivasu [et al.] // International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems. 2023. Vol. 16. Art. No. 126. 29 p. DOI: 10.1007/s44196-023-00302-w.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sirisha U., Praveen S. P., Srinivasu P. N., et al. Statistical Analysis of Design Aspects of Various YOLO-Based Deep Learning Models for Object Detection, International Journal of Computational Intelligence Systems, 2023, Vol. 16, Art. No. 126, 29 p. DOI: 10.1007/s44196-023-00302-w.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B27">
    <label>27.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ultralytics YOLO. URL: http://www.ultralytics.com/ru/yolo (дата обращения: 17.01.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ultralytics YOLO. Available at: http://www.ultralytics.com/yolo (accessed: January 17, 2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B28">
    <label>28.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection / J. Redmon, S. Divvala, R. Girshick, A. Farhadi // Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), (Las Vegas, NV, USA, 27–30 June 2016). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2016. Pp. 779–788. DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.2016.91.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Redmon J., Divvala S., Girshick R., Farhadi A. You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection, Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Las Vegas, NV, USA, June 27–30, 2016. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2016, Pp. 779–788. DOI: 10.1109/CVPR.2016.91.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B29">
    <label>29.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Google Colaboratory. URL: http://colab.google (дата обращения: 17.01.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Google Colaboratory. Available at: http://colab.google (accessed: January 17, 2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B30">
    <label>30.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">F1-Score // Ultralytics. URL: http://www.ultralytics.com/ru/glossary/f1-score (дата обращения: 17.01.2025).</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">F1-Score, Ultralytics. URL: http://www.ultralytics.com/glossary/f1-score (accessed: January 17, 2025).</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
